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VERY RARE EUROPEAN PEBBLE TOOL CHOPPER River Terraces of Haute-Garonne, Southwest France LOWER PALEOLITHIC PERIOD: 600,000 - 400,000 years ago Of all the rare primitive human stone tools we could offer, pebble tools from the first humans to occupy Europe are perhaps the most rare. Unlike the Oldowan Gorge in Africa where pebble tools abound and in many cases lay clearly exposed, European sites are rare and scattered since the pebble tool technology had already been superseded by the proliferation of Acheulian bifacial handaxes roughly three quarters of a million years earlier! Oddly enough, these two traditions were brought into Europe by Homo erectus moving north up from Africa. Both traditions existed for a limited time together at the beginning of human existence in Europe with pebble tool technology eventually giving way to more advanced traditions of core and flake tools. Truly, no artifact could be more important or impressive to collectors of European descent than one which had been fashioned and dates back to the VERY FIRST humans of Europe! This magnificent pebble tool was fashioned by Homo erectus in the Oldowan tradition over half a million years ago! This tool was made from a quartzite river cobble and was found where a primitive settlement of these early humans once lived on the terraces of Haute-Garonne in Southwest France. The site's age has been absolutely determined through extensive stratigraphic studies of these terraces that once were inhabited by the first humans to migrate into Europe from Africa. This particular tool is a pebble chopper manufactured in the Oldowan tradition. It was struck from a larger cobble of a natural flattened shape and is the flake that was produced from the strike. The edge was further worked as can be seen in the sixth image from the last. The 'nibbled' edge provided a more exact shape desired by its primitive human maker. The fifth to last image shows how the chopper would have been held and most interesting is the worn thumbrest process as shown in the box in the fourth to last image. The two following images display a macro close-up of this worn area. The final photo shows mineral deposits testifying to it age. Mineral deposits and original sediments are intact. Feel, form and function of this tool is superb and veining in the dark quartzite speaks volumes towards its aesthetics and sculptural style. NO MODERN DAMAGE, NO REPAIR and NO RESTORATION. As found and with our highest recommendation. WARNING: There are a host of these "tools" for sale on Ebay and other websites which many are nothing more than damaged ancient river cobbles caused by environmental action (glacial disturbance, frost damage, etc.). Every broken cobblestone found on the Haute-Garonne terraces is NOT a human-created Paleolithic tool! The determination of what is manmade and what is an ordinary broken river rock requires a very high level of understanding Paleolithic tool manufacture and technique as well as the experience to be able to differentiate the two and authenticate a genuine stone tool from this culture. The first hominids in Europe migrated north from Africa some time after 700,000 years ago. Some sites in France, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia suggest that this might have occurred even earlier but evidence is not conclusive. Evidence for existence after 700,000 years is definite with many sites being dated from 700,000 to 400,000 years ago. These first humans were Homo erectus. Most of these sites were located alongside rivers or lakes where stone tools are found alongside debris and bones of large mammals. The tools of this time were very primitive having been fashioned by striking river cobbles to produce a crude chopping tool. Sometimes, the flakes were used to make scrapers and points. Human fossils and coprolites have also been discovered at sites in Southern France. The coprolites were found to contain pollen which was used to further provide evidence of an exact date of the sites. The primary source of food was the meat of big game hunted in the region. The early technology of pebble tools coexisted up to 400,000 years ago in Europe with biface axes of the Acheulian tradition. The more advanced bifaces were flaked all over and created a much more portable and defined tool. It is still not fully understood why such a primitive tool technology such as the Oldowan tradition was brought into Europe for the Acheulian bifacial tools proliferated Africa well before the migration of humans northward. No one can doubt the importance that pebble tools hold in the history of human development. Their very emergence in Africa nearly two million years ago allowed the earliest humans to butcher animals for their meat - the needed nourishment that allowed humans to survive and flourish to one day populate and rule the earth. EXCELLENT AND OBVIOUS HUMAN-FORMED FLAKING FEATURES AND WEAR EVIDENCE! 3.25 " wide SOLD PB001 INCLUDES DISPLAY BOX Actual Item - One Only |
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