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The
greatest milestone in human development that ushered in CIVILIZATION was
Man's discovery of crop farming and animal husbandry. In the
presence of an ample food and water supply, large camps eventually
evolved into the first cities of the world. These complex
societies flourished in the presence of stable resources. The
luxury of not being preoccupied with food provision gave humans the
freedom to pursue great feats of ingenuity and craftsmanship.
The
second most profound human accomplishment was the
discovery of metal ore smelting and making objects out of metal instead
of stone. Not only did this usher in a whole new age of
technological advancement, it brought a completely new medium to the
craftsman to create objects never before dreamed of. It also
allowed Man to craft tools and weapons in size and purpose that were
previously impossible with stone or organic resources. This made
everyday life easier when it came to
improvements
in tools but it also made life much more dangerous with the advent of
the use of metal in weaponry. Axes, maces, swords, daggers,
hammers, arrowheads and spearheads were some of the many deadly new
discoveries in metal. The use of metal also allowed very sharp
edges to be retained and easily sharpened compared to stone. With
the advent of metal came the advent of WAR.

The
first metal used was copper in certain world regions of civilization.
Other regions went right to using bronze but at a later time.
Southeast Europe along with Western and Central Asia were the first
regions using copper dating back to the 4th millennium BC. This
early period of transition from using stone implements (NEOLITHIC
PERIOD) to using metal is called the
CHALCOLITHIC PERIOD (also known as
COPPER AGE or ENEOLITHIC PERIOD). Many ancient societies went from
the Neolithic Period to the Bronze Age. Some went from the
Neolithic Period right to the Iron Age, such as in Sub-Saharan Africa.
The predominant metal ages that follow the use of copper are the BRONZE
AGE and the IRON AGE.
The
majority of ancient societies started their metal use in the BRONZE AGE.
This can be identified with the discovery of smelting copper with tin to
make a harder metal that is harder than copper, will hold its edge
better and appear more gold in color than copper. The Bronze Age
varies in dating, relative to different geographical regions of the
globe. Universally speaking, the Bronze Age ranges from the 4th
millennium BC to the 1st millennium BC. It is during the Bronze
Age that metalworking becomes most advanced. Ancient craftsmanship
in
jewelry,
weapons, armor and art objects still astound modern artisans
today in technique and execution of designs, baffling many on just how
such work was accomplished in primitive workshops.
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It is in the Bronze Age that some of the greatest works of antiquity
were made by ancient hands. Unlike iron or organic substances,
bronze objects survive well over time and much has been learned of
ancient civilization from the study of bronze artifacts. Ancient
civilizations manifest many of their religious and cultural beliefs in
bronze. Many of the most impressive statuary to some of the
smallest, personal items were crafted in bronze by ancient artisans.

The final metal age in archaeology is the IRON AGE. It dates to as
early as the 12th century BC in the ancient societies of the Near East,
Persia, India and Greece and goes as late as the Middle Ages in North
Central Europe. The discovery of making tools and weapons in iron
was
an
important leap in technology as iron was much harder and stronger than
bronze. Improved furnaces able to reach higher temperatures than
before made the use of iron possible as a higher melting point was
needed to create the metal and work it. The majority of early
objects were made of
wrought iron but later metallurgical developments
led to the invention of steel which proved to be the most effective
metal known for all tool and weapon manufacture.
When
you examine human development in the prehistoric times, you see gradual
changes that span not millennia but hundreds of thousands of years.
At the end of the stone age, Man's introduction to farming and metal
brought advances so fast that in just a few thousand years, humans went
from building thatch huts to mega-cities and architectural wonders that
still remain unexplained in their origin today.
To hold an ancient artifact in your hand is an awe-inspiring experience when one
realizes that a person (or many people!) thousands of years ago crafted
and used the object in some important part of their life. If these
objects of ancient days could speak, what stories would they tell us of
what they saw and the places they had been?!

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WARNING: There
are numerous fake artifacts on the market. Some, of
very high levels of sophistication. This is especially true
in online and conventional auctions and shows where sellers can operate freely,
unchecked with no barriers and trusting buyers have very little chance for
recourse against the sellers. Dealing with a
reputable, full-time professional company who will provide an
unconditional guarantee of authenticity
and be in business next year
and thereafter to back it up, is a must. Equally
important, the dealer must be a member in good-standing with
professional organizations that police fraudulent practices and
can vouch for the reputation of their members.
WE
UNCONDITIONALLY GUARANTEE THE AUTHENTICITY OF EVERY ARTIFACT
WE SELL, FOREVER,
AND BACK IT UP IN
WRITING!
PALEO
DIRECT, Inc. is member in good standing with the
AACA,
a professional, monitored association that police and report on
fraudulent and deceptive artifact dealers and trade violations.
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